Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor component. At the beginning, it was mostly used as indicator light, display light-emitting diode board, etc.; LED (Light Emitting Diode), light-emitting diode, mainly composed of five materials: bracket, silver glue, chip, gold wire, and epoxy resin. LED (Light-Emitting-Diode in Chinese means Light-Emitting Diode) is a semiconductor that can convert electrical energy into light energy. It changes the principle of tungsten filament luminescence for incandescent lamps and tri-color powder luminescence for energy-saving lamps, and electroluminescence is adopted. With the advent of white LEDs, they are also used as lighting. LED is known as the fourth-generation lighting source or green light source. It has the characteristics of energy saving, environmental protection, long life, and small size. It is widely used in various indications, displays, decorations, backlight sources, general lighting and urban night scenes. According to the different functions, it can be divided into five categories: information display, signal light, car lamps, LCD backlight, and general lighting.

Principle of luminescence:

Light-emitting diodes are made of III-IV compounds, such as GaAs (gallium arsenide), GaP (gallium phosphide), GaAsP (gallium arsenide phosphorous) and other semiconductors, and its core is a PN junction. Therefore, it has the I-N characteristics of a general P-N junction, that is, forward conduction, reverse cutoff, and breakdown characteristics. In addition, under certain conditions, it also has light-emitting properties. Under the forward voltage, electrons are injected into the P zone from the N zone, and holes are injected into the N zone from the P zone. Part of the minority carriers (minority carriers) entering the opposing area recombine with the majority carriers (multiple carriers) to emit light.LED (LightingEmittingDiode) lighting is light-emitting diode lighting, which is a semiconductor solid light-emitting device. It uses a solid semiconductor chip as a luminescent material. The excess energy is emitted by the recombination of carriers in the semiconductor to cause photon emission, which directly emits red, yellow, blue, green, cyan, orange, purple, and white light.

Light-emitting diodes are widely used in all kinds of home appliances, all kinds of electronic products, all kinds of lighting, digital products, electronic communications, traffic indications, urbanization projects and other related fields.

The characteristics of LED are very obvious, its small size, high brightness, low heat, environmental protection, long life, high light efficiency, low radiation and low power consumption, impact resistance and vibration resistance, low power of a single LED, multiple parallel connections are required to obtain high power use.